The cupboard

Kitchen herbs & spices

Filter by element or search a plant. Traditional kitchen and folk use — four tastes, not a clinic monograph.

118 plants

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

The stillroom’s first answer to a cold belly or a coming chill.

Nausea · Indigestion · Chill & congestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Cayenne

Capsicum annuum

A pinch that sends heat to the rim of the body.

Chill & congestion · Cold hands & sluggish blood · Stiff joints

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Black pepper

Piper nigrum

The everyday spark that makes other spices land.

Indigestion · Chill & congestion · Cold hands & sluggish blood

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Cinnamon

Cinnamomum verum

Bark that smells like a warmed cupboard and acts like a slow fire.

Indigestion · Chill & congestion · Cold hands & sluggish blood

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

A bud used for a toothache and a winter pot alike.

Indigestion · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Turmeric

Curcuma longa

The golden kitchen root of sore winters.

Stiff joints · Chill & congestion · Indigestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Rosemary

Salvia rosmarinus

Remembrance in a needle — a head herb as much as a roast herb.

Dull focus · Headache · Cold hands & sluggish blood

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Thyme

Thymus vulgaris

The chest herb that already lives in the spice jar.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Garlic

Allium sativum

The house charm that also went into the broth.

Chill & congestion · Cold hands & sluggish blood · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Sage

Salvia officinalis

A bitter leaf for a raw throat and a damp mouth.

Sore throat · Cough · Chill & congestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Dandelion

Taraxacum officinale

The lawn weed that taught kitchens what bitter is for.

Indigestion · Puffiness · Hollow energy

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Bay

Laurus nobilis

The soup leaf that quietly warms a heavy pot.

Indigestion · Bloating · Chill & congestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Water· saltGenerally safe

Nettle

Urtica dioica

A green salt — the mineral broth of the hedgerow.

Stiff joints · Hollow energy · Irritable skin

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Marshmallow

Althaea officinalis

The original marsh mallow — a slick coat for dry tissue.

Sore throat · Cough · Dryness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Slippery elm

Ulmus rubra

A bark gruel for a throat or belly that feels scraped.

Sore throat · Dryness · Indigestion

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltCaution

Parsley

Petroselinum crispum

The garnish that was once a draining green.

Puffiness · Indigestion

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltCaution

Celery seed

Apium graveolens

A salty seed for a waterlogged, creaky body.

Puffiness · Stiff joints

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Oatstraw

Avena sativa

The mineral tea of a nervous system that has been spent.

Frayed nerves · Hollow energy · Irritable skin

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Plantain

Plantago major

The path-side leaf chewed for bee stings and brewed for raw tissue.

Irritable skin · Sore throat · Dryness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltCaution

Kelp

Laminaria spp.

The sea’s salt — a pinch in broth, not a bowl of tea.

Hollow energy · Puffiness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Chamomile

Matricaria chamomilla

The evening apple-scent that settles both belly and mind.

Restless sleep · Frayed nerves · Bloating

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

The after-dinner seed that lets wind leave quietly.

Bloating · Indigestion · Nausea

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

A sweet, eucalyptus-green seed that finishes a heavy meal.

Indigestion · Bloating · Hollow energy

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetCaution

Licorice

Glycyrrhiza glabra

The blender’s root — it sweetens a harsh pot and soothes a raw throat.

Sore throat · Cough · Dryness

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetCaution

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenum-graecum

Maple-scented seeds that cook like food and comfort like broth.

Hollow energy · Indigestion · Crampy cycle

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Oats

Avena sativa

Breakfast as medicine — the original nervine food.

Frayed nerves · Restless sleep · Hollow energy

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetCaution

Star anise

Illicium verum

One star that perfumes a whole pot of broth or tea.

Cough · Bloating · Chill & congestion

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Holy basil

Ocimum tenuiflorum

Tulsi — the daily cup for a long, demanding season.

Frayed nerves · Chill & congestion · Dull focus

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Calendula

Calendula officinalis

Pot marigold — the gardener’s skin flower, also a golden broth.

Irritable skin · Sore throat

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Caraway

Carum carvi

The rye-bread seed that was also a wind-breaking tea.

Bloating · Indigestion

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lemon

Citrus limon

The bright slice that finishes almost every stillroom cup.

Chill & congestion · Indigestion · Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Peppermint

Mentha × piperita

The lift in the cupboard — head, belly, and a closed room.

Bloating · Indigestion · Headache

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lemon balm

Melissa officinalis

A lemon-leaf for a circling mind and a mild viral season.

Frayed nerves · Restless sleep · Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Rosehip

Rosa canina

The autumn fruit of the rose — a sour pantry vitamin.

Chill & congestion · Hollow energy · Irritable skin

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Hibiscus

Hibiscus sabdariffa

A crimson sour that drinks like a summer cooler and a winter tonic.

Feverish & flushed · Cold hands & sluggish blood · Dull focus

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Elderflower

Sambucus nigra

The June flower given at the first flush of a feverish cold.

Feverish & flushed · Chill & congestion · Cough

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Basil

Ocimum basilicum

The pesto leaf that also wakes a dull head and a cold meal.

Indigestion · Dull focus · Nausea

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Coriander

Coriandrum sativum

A citrus-seed that cools a hot spice blend and a hot belly.

Indigestion · Bloating · Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lavender

Lavandula angustifolia

A little goes a long way — the pillow herb in the teacup.

Restless sleep · Frayed nerves · Headache

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Spearmint

Mentha spicata

The sweeter mint — kinder to children and to a tender stomach.

Bloating · Indigestion · Nausea

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterCaution

Horseradish

Armoracia rusticana

A white fire in the root — it opens a closed head like a door kicked in.

Closed sinuses · Cough · Chill & congestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Earth· sweetCaution

Nutmeg

Myristica fragrans

A sweet, warm grate for a restless night and a tight middle.

Restless sleep · Frayed nerves · Indigestion

Ground, build, and settle

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Allspice

Pimenta dioica

The berry that tastes like cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg in one jar.

Bloating · Indigestion · Crampy cycle

Warm, move, and stimulate

Earth· sweetNot a cup

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum

A sweet woods root of the spring pot — and a modern caution.

Hollow energy · Irritable skin · Puffiness

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetThin data

Sarsaparilla

Smilax spp.

A sweet, earthy root of the old spring tonics.

Hollow energy · Irritable skin · Stiff joints

Ground, build, and settle

Water· saltGenerally safe

Mullein

Verbascum thapsus

The roadside torch — a lung leaf that coats and then lets the chest move.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Dryness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Fire· bitterCaution

Yarrow

Achillea millefolium

The wound-wort and fever herb of the yard.

Feverish & flushed · Crampy cycle · Chill & congestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Yellow dock

Rumex crispus

A taproot that goes to the clay — the bitter used for ‘thick blood’ and eruptive skin.

Irritable skin · Indigestion · Hollow energy

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterLimit the cup

Boneset

Eupatorium perfoliatum

The breakbone-fever herb — named for the ache, not for knitting bone.

Feverish & flushed · Chill & congestion · Stiff joints

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Hawthorn

Crataegus spp.

The sour heart-berry of the hedgerow — astringent, food-like, and long-used.

Cold hands & sluggish blood · Frayed nerves · Worriation

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourCaution

Raspberry leaf

Rubus idaeus

A mineral, tightening leaf — sour air for a heavy cycle or a loose bowel.

Crampy cycle · Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Elderberry

Sambucus nigra

The deeper winter face of elder — a sour syrup on the pantry shelf.

Chill & congestion · Cough · Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Burdock

Arctium lappa

A long taproot that goes to the clay — food first, blood-cleaner second.

Irritable skin · Hollow energy · Puffiness

Ground, build, and settle

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Catnip

Nepeta cataria

A gentle bitter for a tight belly and a restless night.

Frayed nerves · Restless sleep · Feverish & flushed

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Chicory

Cichorium intybus

The coffee-dark bitter that wakes a sluggish middle.

Indigestion · Hollow energy · Puffiness

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Echinacea

Echinacea purpurea

The first-shiver cone-flower — a short, purposeful bitter.

Chill & congestion · Sore throat · Feverish & flushed

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Feverfew

Tanacetum parthenium

A small bitter leaf for a pounding head.

Headache · Feverish & flushed · Crampy cycle

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Hops

Humulus lupulus

The beer-bitter that puts a room to bed.

Restless sleep · Frayed nerves · Indigestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Horehound

Marrubium vulgare

The old cough bitter — tastes like a dare, then the chest moves.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Motherwort

Leonurus cardiaca

Lion’s-tail — a bitter for a racing heart and a crampy womb.

Frayed nerves · Crampy cycle · Cold hands & sluggish blood

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Red clover

Trifolium pratense

The meadow blossom in the old blood-and-skin jars.

Irritable skin · Hollow energy · Cough

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterLimit the cup

Goldenseal

Hydrastis canadensis

Yellow root — the strongest bitter in many a cupboard, and the one to spend least.

Sore throat · Closed sinuses · Indigestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Elecampane

Inula helenium

A deep, camphor-bitter root for a chest that will not clear.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Indigestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Mugwort

Artemisia vulgaris

The dream-bitter — a pinch in the pillow or a short cup for a stuck cycle.

Crampy cycle · Indigestion · Restless sleep

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Agrimony

Agrimonia eupatoria

A gentle bitter that also draws — belly, liver story, a loose bowel.

Indigestion · Irritable skin

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterCaution

Hyssop

Hyssopus officinalis

A resinous garden bitter for a tight, damp chest.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Water· saltCaution

Alfalfa

Medicago sativa

A deep-rooted green salt — minerals from the clay, up into the leaf.

Hollow energy · Stiff joints · Puffiness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Chickweed

Stellaria media

The cool spring mat — a water green for hot, dry, itchy skin.

Irritable skin · Dryness · Hollow energy

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Cleavers

Galium aparine

The sticky bedstraw — water’s lymph mover of the spring hedge.

Puffiness · Irritable skin · Hollow energy

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Corn silk

Zea mays

The pale threads from the ear — a gentle water for a complaining bladder.

Puffiness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltLimit the cup

Horsetail

Equisetum arvense

A silica salt — the joint-and-tooth mineral of the ditch bank.

Stiff joints · Puffiness · Irritable skin

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Water· saltGenerally safe

Violet

Viola odorata

The heart-leaf of spring — a cool green for lymph and dry heat.

Cough · Irritable skin · Dryness

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Earth· sweetCaution

American ginseng

Panax quinquefolius

A sweet taproot for a spent, dry, overworked body.

Hollow energy · Dryness · Frayed nerves

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourGenerally safe

Blackberry leaf

Rubus allegheniensis

A sour, tightening leaf for a loose bowel and a raw mouth.

Sore throat · Crampy cycle

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourThin data

Cramp bark

Viburnum opulus

The bark named for its job — a sour ease for a gripping cramp.

Crampy cycle · Indigestion

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourCaution

Willow

Salix alba

The stream-bank bark for an ache — sour, drawing, old as a headache.

Headache · Stiff joints · Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourLimit the cup

Witch hazel

Hamamelis virginiana

A drawing tree — the stillroom’s wash for hot, loose tissue.

Irritable skin · Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourCaution

Peach leaf

Prunus persica

The orchard leaf for a queasy, heated middle.

Nausea · Indigestion · Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Sumac

Rhus typhina

A lemonade from the hedge — sour, red, and cooling.

Feverish & flushed · Sore throat · Dryness

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterCaution

Mustard seed

Brassica juncea

A kitchen fire for the chest plaster and the pot.

Chill & congestion · Cough · Stiff joints

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Onion

Allium cepa

The everyday fire in the bin — broth, syrup, and a chest poultice.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Dill

Anethum graveolens

The pickle seed — a bright, green ease for a windy belly.

Bloating · Indigestion · Nausea

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterCaution

Angelica

Angelica archangelica

A tall bitter-aromatic of the garden — protection in the old notes, a belly fire in the pot.

Indigestion · Chill & congestion · Bloating

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourLimit the cup

Borage

Borago officinalis

Star-flower — cucumber-cool, a lift for a heavy heart.

Frayed nerves · Feverish & flushed · Hollow energy

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetThin data

Peony

Paeonia officinalis

Named for a healer. A garden bloom whose root was the old easing medicine.

Crampy cycle · Frayed nerves

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourLimit the cup

Oak

Quercus robur

The strength tree — a world lives on one oak, and the bark draws.

Sore throat · Irritable skin

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterLimit the cup

Lad's love

Artemisia abrotanum

Southernwood — a moth-sachet bitter that smells of lemon-camphor.

Limit the cup

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lemon thyme

Thymus citriodorus

Garden thyme with a lemon rind — roast herb and a bright steam.

Cough · Chill & congestion · Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lemon verbena

Aloysia citrodora

The sharpest lemon leaf in the garden — a cup of crushed green citrus.

Frayed nerves · Indigestion · Dull focus

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Life everlasting

Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium

Sweet everlasting — maple-hay in the hand, a scenting herb of the field.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Water· saltGenerally safe

Lovage

Levisticum officinale

The celery of the herb bed — one leaf seasons a whole pot.

Indigestion · Bloating

Mineralize, soothe, and restore fluid

Air· sourGenerally safe

Oswego tea

Monarda didyma

Bee balm — the bergamot mint that was a cupboard tea.

Chill & congestion · Feverish & flushed · Closed sinuses

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Patchouli

Pogostemon cablin

The earth-musk of the stillroom — a sachet leaf that ages into wine and soil.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourGenerally safe

Rose geranium

Pelargonium graveolens

A rose that grows as a leaf — green, lemon, and petal in one crush.

Generally safe

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Sweet cicely

Myrrhis odorata

Anise in a ferny leaf — the old sweetener of a sour pot.

Indigestion

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Sweet fern

Comptonia peregrina

Not a fern — a spice-bush of the sand, smelling of cinnamon and maple.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Sweet marjoram

Origanum majorana

The sweeter sister of oregano — a mild kitchen spice for a quiet pot.

Indigestion

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Sweet vernal grass

Anthoxanthum odoratum

The hay that smells of vanilla when the scythe has been through.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourGenerally safe

Tarragon

Artemisia dracunculus

Anise in a narrow leaf — the vinegar herb and a sharp kitchen green.

Indigestion

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Wild vanilla

Carphephorus odoratissimus

A field leaf that smells of vanilla when it dies — a scenting herb, not a pod.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Earth· sweetLimit the cup

Woodruff

Galium odoratum

Fresh it is quiet. Dried it is vanilla-hay — the May-wine leaf.

Limit the cup

Ground, build, and settle

Fire· bitterThin data

Wood betony

Stachys officinalis

A mild bitter tea of the old nervine jars — tea-like, not harsh.

Frayed nerves · Headache · Indigestion

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Salad burnet

Sanguisorba minor

Cucumber in a leaf — a salad herb that also makes a clean cup.

Feverish & flushed

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Yaupon

Ilex vomitoria

Cassina — a holly tea with a clean caffeine lift.

Dull focus · Hollow energy

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Costmary

Tanacetum balsamita

Alecost — balsamic mint and lemon in a stillroom leaf.

Indigestion · Dull focus

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterThin data

Damiana

Turnera diffusa

A resinous, spicy leaf — a flavoring tea, not a long medicinal pot.

Frayed nerves · Hollow energy

Warm, move, and stimulate

Fire· bitterThin data

Ground ivy

Glechoma hederacea

Alehoof — a mint-bitter of the lawn, used in a moderate pot.

Cough · Closed sinuses · Headache

Warm, move, and stimulate

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Sweet goldenrod

Solidago odora

The goldenrod you can drink — anise in a late-summer leaf.

Indigestion · Chill & congestion

Ground, build, and settle

Fire· bitterLimit the cup

Labrador tea

Rhododendron groenlandicum

A northern resin cup — weak, rare, and respected.

Limit the cup

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Lemongrass

Cymbopogon citratus

Kitchen lemon in a grass — the brightest citrus pot after the fruit itself.

Feverish & flushed · Indigestion · Dull focus

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Earth· sweetGenerally safe

Linden

Tilia spp.

Lime flower — honey and hay in a calming evening pot.

Restless sleep · Frayed nerves · Feverish & flushed

Ground, build, and settle

Air· sourGenerally safe

New Jersey tea

Ceanothus americanus

Liberty tea — a caffeine-free, slightly astringent cup from a roadside shrub.

Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Air· sourThin data

Persimmon leaf

Diospyros virginiana

A mild, leafy tea of the persimmon — not the fruit, the leaf.

Thin data

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterThin data

Speedwell

Veronica officinalis

A mild bitter, tea-like herb of the old European jars.

Cough · Sore throat

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourGenerally safe

Strawberry leaf

Fragaria vesca

A delicate, fruity-leaf tea — the plant’s other gift besides the berry.

Sore throat

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Tea

Camellia sinensis

The true tea — green, black, oolong, white. The pot most cupboards already know.

Dull focus

Warm, move, and stimulate

Air· sourCaution

Wintergreen

Gaultheria procumbens

The aspirin cousin that smells of a candy shop — a pinch, not a pot.

Caution

Brighten, circulate, and clear

Fire· bitterGenerally safe

Yerba mate

Ilex paraguariensis

A holly tea of the south — earthy, grassy, caffeinated. Drink it warm, not scalding.

Dull focus · Hollow energy

Warm, move, and stimulate